Contains 13 accepted taxa overall.
Characteristics
Plants are considered rootless, with leaves that can be photosynthetic and in whorls along the stem, finely dissected, and/or linear. Much like roots, bladders (traps or utricles) may exude carbon and absorb other nutrients. These bladders may be culturing a mutualistic community and/or carnivorous. The bladders trap and contain much from the environment, such as algae, microinverterbrates, protists, bacteria, fungi, and detritus (Adamec 2006; Gordon & Pacheco 2007; Meis Chormanski 2007; Peroutka et al. 2008; Richards 2001; Sirová et al. 2010). Terrestrial species might rely more heavily on protists for nutrients instead of photosynthesis (Porembski et al. 2006).
Classification
Citation
UTRICULARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 18. 1753.
-
TYPE: Utricularia vulgaris Linnaeus Lectotypified by Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 227. 1913.
Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Herbarium Specimens | Status | Photos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utricularia biflora | Longspur Creeping Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia cornuta | Horned Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia floridana | Florida Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia foliosa | Flatstem bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia gibba | Shortspur Creeping Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia inflata | Swollen Bladderwort, Inflated Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia juncea | Southern Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia macrorhiza | Greater Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia olivacea | Dwarf Bladderwort, Minute Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia purpurea | Purple Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia radiata | Floating Bladderwort, Small Swollen Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia striata | Fibrous Bladderwort | |||
| Utricularia subulata | Slender Bladderwort, Zigzag Bladderwort |
Identification Key
1. Plant with a whorl of elongated floats at the base of the inflorescence, these usually at the water surface
2
1. Plant without elongated floats
3
2. Inflorescence with (4)8-14(17) flowers; bract subtending pedicel 3-5 mm long, longer than wide; pedicels recurving in fruit; corolla spur notched at tip
2. Inflorescence with (1)3-5(7) flowers; bract subtending pedicel 1-2 mm long, about as wide as long; pedicels ascending in fruit (rarely recurved); corolla spur lacking a notch
3. Corolla predominantly pink to purple or white, sometimes some lobes having yellow spots at the base
4
3. Corolla predominantly yellow to greenish yellow, sometimes some lobes with reddish areas
6
4. Inflorescence scape poorly developed, flowers appearing solitary emerging from the water; corolla white, 2-4 mm wide or long
4. Inflorescence scape well developed and apparent; corolla pink, purple, or white, 5-20 mm wide or long
5
5. Plant usually floating; corolla upper lip (opposite the spur) suborbicular, about as wide as the lower lip (part with yellowish spot at base)
5. Plant usually terrestrial; corolla upper lip (opposite the spur) oblong-obovate, much narrower than the lower lip (part with yellowish spot at base)
6. Bracts and calyx lobes margins fimbriate
6. Bracts and calyx lobes margins entire
7
7. Pedicel subtended by 1 bract and 2 bracteoles; plant terrestrial
8
7. Pedicel subtended 1 bracts, without bracteoles; plant terrestrial to aquatic
9
8. Bladders 1-1.2 mm wide; calyx 1.5-3 mm long; fruit 1.5-2.5 mm long or wide
8. Bladders 0.3-0.8 mm wide; calyx (2.5)3-5(7) mm long; fruit 2.5-4.5 mm long or wide
9
9. Inflorescence scape 0.5-1.5 mm wide near the base; flowers congested and overlapping at apex; spur 7-14 mm long
9. Inflorescence scape 0.4-1 mm wide near the base, greenish purple to purple; flowers spaced out, at least those towards the base not overlapping; spur 4-8(10) mm long
10. Plant floating; inflorescence of (3)5-20 flowers, the scape 7-60 cm long, 1-3 mm wide; bracts subtending pedicel 1.8-4 mm long
11
10. Plant floating or terrestrial; inflorescence of 1-4(8) flowers, the scape 0.3-18 cm long, 0.5-1 mm wide; bracts subtending pedicel 0.5-2.5 mm long
12
11. Stolons dimorphic, some whitish, bearing bladders (often buried in substrate), others green, bearing dissected leaves with no or 1--few bladders (fewer bladders than on non-green stolons); scape often flexuous; pedicel spreading to ascending in fruit
11. Stolons monomorphic, green, leaves bearing bladders; scape usually not flexuous; pedicel recurving in fruit
12. Bract subtending pedicel 1.2-2.5 mm long; pedicel 1-3 cm long; corollas pale yellow to greenish yellow, with conspicuous veins, lower lip with red streaks at base, continuing into spur, palate usually red-streaked; spur usually with shallow notch at apex, sometimes obscurely 3-fid; stolons radiating from base of inflorescence, whitish, bearing rhizoids
12. Bract subtending pedicel 0.5-1.5 mm long; pedicel 0.2-1 cm long; corollas yellow, without conspicuous veins (palate red-streaked in U. gibba); spur not notched at apex (sometimes slightly denticulate in U. subulata); base of inflorescence not bearing radiating stolons
13
13. Bract basifixed; calyx 2-4 mm long; upper corolla lip 3-lobed (sometimes obscurely so) and nearly subequal in size to the 3-lobed to unlobed lower lip
13. Bract peltate; calyx 1-2(2.5) mm long; upper corolla lip unlobed and distinctly smaller than the 3-lobed lower lip
Genus Synonyms
| Synonym | Full Citation | Basionym | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| No synonyms found. | |||